What factor was pivotal in the successful construction of the Panama Canal?

The successful construction of the Panama Canal was significantly influenced by the control of yellow fever. In the early years of the canal's construction, the workforce faced devastating outbreaks of yellow fever, which severely hampered progress and led to high mortality rates among workers. By implementing effective measures to control the disease, such as the use of mosquito control techniques and improved sanitation practices, health officials were able to drastically reduce the incidence of yellow fever in the region.

This reduction in disease incidence allowed for a more stable workforce and the ability to proceed with construction without the constant threat of illness leading to project delays. The efforts to control yellow fever were part of a broader public health initiative that included addressing other health concerns, but the management of this particular disease was a critical milestone that directly impacted the canal's construction timeline and success.